In the Italian language, there are four main verb moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each of these moods is used to express different intentions, actions, or states.
The indicative talks about facts, the subjunctive about doubts and desires, the conditional about hypothetical situations, and the imperative for commands and requests.
Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly in these moods allows you to easily express various thoughts and emotions in everyday conversation.
Le sue azioni hanno contravvaluto la mia decisione. (Alessandro Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi)
verbo irregolare
contravvalére : to contravene, to go against
con|trav|va|lé|re
: (accento acuto)
Indicative mood (Indicativo) of the verb contravvalére
The indicative mood (Indicativo) is one of the fundamental verb moods in the Italian language, used to express actions, states, or events considered real or certain. It is employed to describe facts, daily routines, and objective situations.
For instance, sentences like "Io vado al mercato" or "Loro studiano per l'esame" illustrate the use of the indicative to convey concrete information.
This mood can be conjugated in various tenses, such as present, past, and future, allowing for precise placement of actions in time. Understanding the indicative is essential for effective communication and for grasping the nuances of the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Presente contravvalére |
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| io | contravvalgo |
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| tu | contravvali |
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| lui/lei/Lei | contravvale |
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| noi | contravvaliamo |
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| voi | contravvalete |
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| loro | contravvalgono |
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Tempo semplice
Imperfetto contravvalére |
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| io | contravvalevo |
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| tu | contravvalevi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | contravvaleva |
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| noi | contravvalevamo |
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| voi | contravvalevate |
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| loro | contravvalevano |
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Tempo semplice
Futuro semplice contravvalére |
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| io | contravvarrò |
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| tu | contravvarrai |
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| lui/lei/Lei | contravvarrà |
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| noi | contravvarremo |
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| voi | contravvarrete |
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| loro | contravvarranno |
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Tempo semplice
Passato remoto contravvalére |
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| io | contravvalsi |
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| tu | contravvalesti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | contravvalse |
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| noi | contravvalemmo |
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| voi | contravvaleste |
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| loro | contravvalsero |
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Tempo composto
Futuro anteriore contravvalére |
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| io | avrò contravvalso |
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| tu | avrai contravvalso |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrà contravvalso |
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| noi | avremo contravvalso |
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| voi | avrete contravvalso |
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| loro | avranno contravvalso |
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Tempo composto
Passato prossimo contravvalére |
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| io | ho contravvalso |
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| tu | hai contravvalso |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ha contravvalso |
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| noi | abbiamo contravvalso |
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| voi | avete contravvalso |
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| loro | hanno contravvalso |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato prossimo contravvalére |
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| io | avevo contravvalso |
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| tu | avevi contravvalso |
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| lui/lei/Lei | aveva contravvalso |
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| noi | avevamo contravvalso |
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| voi | avevate contravvalso |
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| loro | avevano contravvalso |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato remoto contravvalére |
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| io | ebbi contravvalso |
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| tu | avesti contravvalso |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ebbe contravvalso |
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| noi | avemmo contravvalso |
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| voi | aveste contravvalso |
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| loro | ebbero contravvalso |
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Subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) of the verb contravvalére
The subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express uncertainty, wishes, emotions, and hypothetical situations. It is employed when discussing actions that are not certain or real, such as in cases of doubt or possibility.
For instance, sentences like "Spero che tu venga" or "Se avessi tempo, partirei" illustrate the use of the subjunctive to reflect states of mind or events that depend on conditions.
This mood can appear in various tenses, such as present and past, and is essential for nuanced communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo presente contravvalére |
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| io | contravvalga |
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| tu | contravvalga |
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| lui/lei/Lei | contravvalga |
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| noi | contravvaliamo |
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| voi | contravvaliate |
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| loro | contravvalgano |
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo imperfetto contravvalére |
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| io | contravvalessi |
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| tu | contravvalessi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | contravvalesse |
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| noi | contravvalessimo |
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| voi | contravvaleste |
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| loro | contravvalessero |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo passato contravvalére |
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| io | abbia contravvalso |
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| tu | abbia contravvalso |
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| lui/lei/Lei | abbia contravvalso |
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| noi | abbiamo contravvalso |
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| voi | abbiate contravvalso |
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| loro | abbiano contravvalso |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo trapassato contravvalére |
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| io | avessi contravvalso |
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| tu | avessi contravvalso |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avesse contravvalso |
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| noi | avessimo contravvalso |
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| voi | aveste contravvalso |
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| loro | avessero contravvalso |
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Conditional mood (Condizionale) of the verb contravvalére
The conditional mood (Condizionale) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express actions or states that depend on specific conditions. It is often employed to formulate wishes, requests, or hypothetical situations that are not certain.
For instance, sentences like "Vorrei un caffè" or "Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più" illustrate how the conditional is used to express situations dependent on certain circumstances.
This mood can be conjugated in tenses like present and past, and is essential for clear communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Condizionale presente contravvalére |
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| io | contravvarrei |
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| tu | contravvarresti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | contravvarrebbe |
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| noi | contravvarremmo |
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| voi | contravvarreste |
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| loro | contravvarrebbero |
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Tempo composto
Condizionale passato contravvalére |
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| io | avrei contravvalso |
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| tu | avresti contravvalso |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrebbe contravvalso |
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| noi | avremmo contravvalso |
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| voi | avreste contravvalso |
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| loro | avrebbero contravvalso |
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Imperative mood (Imperativo) of the verb contravvalére
The imperative mood (Imperativo) is an essential verb mood in the Italian language, used to give commands, instructions, or advice. It is formed for the second person singular, second person plural, and first person plural.
For example, sentences like "Fai attenzione!" or "Parlate lentamente!" demonstrate how the imperative can be used to communicate directly and clearly. The phrase "Andiamo!" for expressing an invitation to do something together is also an example of the imperative.
However, it's important to note that the imperative does not have forms for the third person singular and plural. In these cases, the subjunctive mood is used to express desires or recommendations in a gentler manner. This characteristic makes Italian unique, as the subjunctive adds a touch of politeness and delicacy to conversations.
Knowing the imperative and its appropriate use is crucial for effective communication and maintaining a friendly tone in everyday interactions.
Imperativo contravvalére |
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| tu | contravvali |
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| noi | contravvaliamo |
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| voi | contravvalete |
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Congiuntivo contravvalére |
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| Lei | contravvalga |
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| Che lui/lei | contravvalga |
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| Che loro | contravvalgano |
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