In the Italian language, there are four main verb moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each of these moods is used to express different intentions, actions, or states.
The indicative talks about facts, the subjunctive about doubts and desires, the conditional about hypothetical situations, and the imperative for commands and requests.
Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly in these moods allows you to easily express various thoughts and emotions in everyday conversation.
Ha costato molti sforzi. (Giovanni Verga, I Malavoglia)
costàre : to cost
co|stà|re
: (accento grave)
Indicative mood (Indicativo) of the verb costàre
The indicative mood (Indicativo) is one of the fundamental verb moods in the Italian language, used to express actions, states, or events considered real or certain. It is employed to describe facts, daily routines, and objective situations.
For instance, sentences like "Io vado al mercato" or "Loro studiano per l'esame" illustrate the use of the indicative to convey concrete information.
This mood can be conjugated in various tenses, such as present, past, and future, allowing for precise placement of actions in time. Understanding the indicative is essential for effective communication and for grasping the nuances of the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Presente costàre |
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| io | costo |
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| tu | costi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costa |
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| noi | costiamo |
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| voi | costate |
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| loro | costano |
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Tempo semplice
Imperfetto costàre |
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| io | costavo |
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| tu | costavi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costava |
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| noi | costavamo |
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| voi | costavate |
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| loro | costavano |
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Tempo semplice
Futuro semplice costàre |
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| io | costerò |
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| tu | costerai |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costerà |
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| noi | costeremo |
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| voi | costerete |
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| loro | costeranno |
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Tempo semplice
Passato remoto costàre |
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| io | costai |
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| tu | costasti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costò |
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| noi | costammo |
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| voi | costaste |
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| loro | costarono |
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Tempo composto
Futuro anteriore costàre |
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| io | avrò costato |
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| tu | avrai costato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrà costato |
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| noi | avremo costato |
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| voi | avrete costato |
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| loro | avranno costato |
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Tempo composto
Passato prossimo costàre |
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| io | ho costato |
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| tu | hai costato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ha costato |
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| noi | abbiamo costato |
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| voi | avete costato |
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| loro | hanno costato |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato prossimo costàre |
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| io | avevo costato |
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| tu | avevi costato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | aveva costato |
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| noi | avevamo costato |
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| voi | avevate costato |
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| loro | avevano costato |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato remoto costàre |
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| io | ebbi costato |
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| tu | avesti costato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ebbe costato |
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| noi | avemmo costato |
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| voi | aveste costato |
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| loro | ebbero costato |
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Subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) of the verb costàre
The subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express uncertainty, wishes, emotions, and hypothetical situations. It is employed when discussing actions that are not certain or real, such as in cases of doubt or possibility.
For instance, sentences like "Spero che tu venga" or "Se avessi tempo, partirei" illustrate the use of the subjunctive to reflect states of mind or events that depend on conditions.
This mood can appear in various tenses, such as present and past, and is essential for nuanced communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo presente costàre |
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| io | costi |
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| tu | costi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costi |
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| noi | costiamo |
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| voi | costiate |
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| loro | costino |
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo imperfetto costàre |
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| io | costassi |
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| tu | costassi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costasse |
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| noi | costassimo |
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| voi | costaste |
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| loro | costassero |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo passato costàre |
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| io | abbia costato |
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| tu | abbia costato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | abbia costato |
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| noi | abbiamo costato |
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| voi | abbiate costato |
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| loro | abbiano costato |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo trapassato costàre |
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| io | avessi costato |
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| tu | avessi costato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avesse costato |
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| noi | avessimo costato |
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| voi | aveste costato |
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| loro | avessero costato |
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Conditional mood (Condizionale) of the verb costàre
The conditional mood (Condizionale) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express actions or states that depend on specific conditions. It is often employed to formulate wishes, requests, or hypothetical situations that are not certain.
For instance, sentences like "Vorrei un caffè" or "Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più" illustrate how the conditional is used to express situations dependent on certain circumstances.
This mood can be conjugated in tenses like present and past, and is essential for clear communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Condizionale presente costàre |
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| io | costerei |
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| tu | costeresti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costerebbe |
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| noi | costeremmo |
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| voi | costereste |
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| loro | costerebbero |
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Tempo composto
Condizionale passato costàre |
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| io | avrei costato |
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| tu | avresti costato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrebbe costato |
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| noi | avremmo costato |
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| voi | avreste costato |
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| loro | avrebbero costato |
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Imperative mood (Imperativo) of the verb costàre
The imperative mood (Imperativo) is an essential verb mood in the Italian language, used to give commands, instructions, or advice. It is formed for the second person singular, second person plural, and first person plural.
For example, sentences like "Fai attenzione!" or "Parlate lentamente!" demonstrate how the imperative can be used to communicate directly and clearly. The phrase "Andiamo!" for expressing an invitation to do something together is also an example of the imperative.
However, it's important to note that the imperative does not have forms for the third person singular and plural. In these cases, the subjunctive mood is used to express desires or recommendations in a gentler manner. This characteristic makes Italian unique, as the subjunctive adds a touch of politeness and delicacy to conversations.
Knowing the imperative and its appropriate use is crucial for effective communication and maintaining a friendly tone in everyday interactions.
Imperativo costàre |
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| tu | costa |
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| noi | costiamo |
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| voi | costate |
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Congiuntivo costàre |
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| Lei | costi |
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| Che lui/lei | costi |
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| Che loro | costino |
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