In the Italian language, there are four main verb moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each of these moods is used to express different intentions, actions, or states.
The indicative talks about facts, the subjunctive about doubts and desires, the conditional about hypothetical situations, and the imperative for commands and requests.
Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly in these moods allows you to easily express various thoughts and emotions in everyday conversation.
La notizia mi ha costernato.
costernare : to distress
co|ster|nà|re
: (accento grave)
indicativo costernare. Indicative mood of the verb costernare
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Tempo semplice
costernare presente |
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| io | costerno |
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| tu | costerni |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costerna |
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| noi | costerniamo |
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| voi | costernate |
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| loro | costernano |
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Tempo semplice
costernare imperfetto |
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| io | costernavo |
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| tu | costernavi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costernava |
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| noi | costernavamo |
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| voi | costernavate |
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| loro | costernavano |
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Tempo semplice
costernare futuro semplice |
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| io | costernerò |
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| tu | costernerai |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costernerà |
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| noi | costerneremo |
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| voi | costernerete |
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| loro | costerneranno |
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Tempo semplice
costernare passato remoto |
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| io | costernai |
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| tu | costernasti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costernò |
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| noi | costernammo |
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| voi | costernaste |
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| loro | costernarono |
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Tempo composto
costernare futuro anteriore |
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| io | avrò costernato |
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| tu | avrai costernato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrà costernato |
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| noi | avremo costernato |
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| voi | avrete costernato |
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| loro | avranno costernato |
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Tempo composto
costernare passato prossimo |
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| io | ho costernato |
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| tu | hai costernato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ha costernato |
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| noi | abbiamo costernato |
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| voi | avete costernato |
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| loro | hanno costernato |
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Tempo composto
costernare trapassato prossimo |
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| io | avevo costernato |
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| tu | avevi costernato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | aveva costernato |
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| noi | avevamo costernato |
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| voi | avevate costernato |
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| loro | avevano costernato |
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Tempo composto
costernare trapassato remoto |
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| io | ebbi costernato |
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| tu | avesti costernato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ebbe costernato |
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| noi | avemmo costernato |
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| voi | aveste costernato |
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| loro | ebbero costernato |
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General information about the indicative mood of Italian verbs
The indicative mood (Indicativo) is one of the fundamental verb moods in the Italian language, used to express actions, states, or events considered real or certain. It is employed to describe facts, daily routines, and objective situations.
For instance, sentences like "Io vado al mercato" or "Loro studiano per l'esame" illustrate the use of the indicative to convey concrete information.
This mood can be conjugated in various tenses, such as present, past, and future, allowing for precise placement of actions in time. Understanding the indicative is essential for effective communication and for grasping the nuances of the Italian language.
congiuntivo costernare. Subjunctive mood of the verb costernare
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Tempo semplice
costernare congiuntivo presente |
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| io | costerni |
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| tu | costerni |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costerni |
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| noi | costerniamo |
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| voi | costerniate |
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| loro | costernino |
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Tempo semplice
costernare congiuntivo imperfetto |
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| io | costernassi |
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| tu | costernassi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costernasse |
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| noi | costernassimo |
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| voi | costernaste |
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| loro | costernassero |
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Tempo composto
costernare congiuntivo passato |
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| io | abbia costernato |
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| tu | abbia costernato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | abbia costernato |
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| noi | abbiamo costernato |
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| voi | abbiate costernato |
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| loro | abbiano costernato |
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Tempo composto
costernare congiuntivo trapassato |
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| io | avessi costernato |
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| tu | avessi costernato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avesse costernato |
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| noi | avessimo costernato |
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| voi | aveste costernato |
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| loro | avessero costernato |
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General information about the subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) of Italian verbs
The subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express uncertainty, wishes, emotions, and hypothetical situations. It is employed when discussing actions that are not certain or real, such as in cases of doubt or possibility.
For instance, sentences like "Spero che tu venga" or "Se avessi tempo, partirei" illustrate the use of the subjunctive to reflect states of mind or events that depend on conditions.
This mood can appear in various tenses, such as present and past, and is essential for nuanced communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
condizionale costernare. Conditional mood of the verb costernare
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Tempo semplice
costernare condizionale presente |
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| io | costernerei |
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| tu | costerneresti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | costernerebbe |
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| noi | costerneremmo |
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| voi | costernereste |
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| loro | costernerebbero |
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Tempo composto
costernare condizionale passato |
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| io | avrei costernato |
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| tu | avresti costernato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrebbe costernato |
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| noi | avremmo costernato |
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| voi | avreste costernato |
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| loro | avrebbero costernato |
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General information about the conditional mood (Condizionale) of Italian verbs
The conditional mood (Condizionale) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express actions or states that depend on specific conditions. It is often employed to formulate wishes, requests, or hypothetical situations that are not certain.
For instance, sentences like "Vorrei un caffè" or "Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più" illustrate how the conditional is used to express situations dependent on certain circumstances.
This mood can be conjugated in tenses like present and past, and is essential for clear communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
imperativo costernare. Imperative mood of the verb costernare
costernare imperativo |
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| tu | costerna |
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| noi | costerniamo |
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| voi | costernate |
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costernare congiuntivo esortativo |
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| Lei | costerni |
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| Che lui/lei | costerni |
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| Che loro | costernino |
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General information about the imperative mood (Imperativo) of Italian verbs
The imperative mood (Imperativo) is an essential verb mood in the Italian language, used to give commands, instructions, or advice. It is formed for the second person singular, second person plural, and first person plural.
For example, sentences like "Fai attenzione!" or "Parlate lentamente!" demonstrate how the imperative can be used to communicate directly and clearly. The phrase "Andiamo!" for expressing an invitation to do something together is also an example of the imperative.
However, it's important to note that the imperative does not have forms for the third person singular and plural. In these cases, the subjunctive mood is used to express desires or recommendations in a gentler manner. This characteristic makes Italian unique, as the subjunctive adds a touch of politeness and delicacy to conversations.
Knowing the imperative and its appropriate use is crucial for effective communication and maintaining a friendly tone in everyday interactions.
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