In the Italian language, there are four main verb moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each of these moods is used to express different intentions, actions, or states.
The indicative talks about facts, the subjunctive about doubts and desires, the conditional about hypothetical situations, and the imperative for commands and requests.
Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly in these moods allows you to easily express various thoughts and emotions in everyday conversation.
Sono stati felici durante le vacanze. (Umberto Eco, Il nome della rosa)
verbo irregolare
èssere : to be
ès|se|re : (accento grave)
Indicative mood (Indicativo) of the verb èssere
The indicative mood (Indicativo) is one of the fundamental verb moods in the Italian language, used to express actions, states, or events considered real or certain. It is employed to describe facts, daily routines, and objective situations.
For instance, sentences like "Io vado al mercato" or "Loro studiano per l'esame" illustrate the use of the indicative to convey concrete information.
This mood can be conjugated in various tenses, such as present, past, and future, allowing for precise placement of actions in time. Understanding the indicative is essential for effective communication and for grasping the nuances of the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Presente èssere |
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| io | sono |
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| tu | sei |
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| lui/lei/Lei | è |
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| noi | siamo |
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| voi | siete |
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| loro | sono |
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Tempo semplice
Imperfetto èssere |
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| io | ero |
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| tu | eri |
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| lui/lei/Lei | era |
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| noi | eravamo |
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| voi | eravate |
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| loro | erano |
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Tempo semplice
Futuro semplice èssere |
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| io | sarò |
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| tu | sarai |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sarà |
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| noi | saremo |
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| voi | sarete |
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| loro | saranno |
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Tempo semplice
Passato remoto èssere |
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| io | fui |
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| tu | fosti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | fu |
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| noi | fummo |
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| voi | foste |
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| loro | furono |
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Tempo composto
Futuro anteriore èssere |
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| io | sarò stato(a) |
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| tu | sarai stato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sarà stato(a) |
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| noi | saremo stati(e) |
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| voi | sarete stati(e) |
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| loro | saranno stati(e) |
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Tempo composto
Passato prossimo èssere |
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| io | sono stato(a) |
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| tu | sei stato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | è stato(a) |
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| noi | siamo stati(e) |
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| voi | siete stati(e) |
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| loro | sono stati(e) |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato prossimo èssere |
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| io | ero stato(a) |
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| tu | eri stato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | era stato(a) |
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| noi | eravamo stati(e) |
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| voi | eravate stati(e) |
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| loro | erano stati(e) |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato remoto èssere |
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| io | fui stato(a) |
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| tu | fosti stato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | fu stato(a) |
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| noi | fummo stati(e) |
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| voi | foste stati(e) |
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| loro | furono stati(e) |
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Subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) of the verb èssere
The subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express uncertainty, wishes, emotions, and hypothetical situations. It is employed when discussing actions that are not certain or real, such as in cases of doubt or possibility.
For instance, sentences like "Spero che tu venga" or "Se avessi tempo, partirei" illustrate the use of the subjunctive to reflect states of mind or events that depend on conditions.
This mood can appear in various tenses, such as present and past, and is essential for nuanced communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo presente èssere |
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| io | sia |
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| tu | sia |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sia |
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| noi | siamo |
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| voi | siate |
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| loro | siano |
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo imperfetto èssere |
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| io | fossi |
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| tu | fossi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | fosse |
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| noi | fossimo |
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| voi | foste |
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| loro | fossero |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo passato èssere |
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| io | sia stato(a) |
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| tu | sia stato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sia stato(a) |
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| noi | siamo stati(e) |
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| voi | siate stati(e) |
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| loro | siano stati(e) |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo trapassato èssere |
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| io | fossi stato(a) |
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| tu | fossi stato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | fosse stato(a) |
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| noi | fossimo stati(e) |
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| voi | foste stati(e) |
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| loro | fossero stati(e) |
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Conditional mood (Condizionale) of the verb èssere
The conditional mood (Condizionale) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express actions or states that depend on specific conditions. It is often employed to formulate wishes, requests, or hypothetical situations that are not certain.
For instance, sentences like "Vorrei un caffè" or "Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più" illustrate how the conditional is used to express situations dependent on certain circumstances.
This mood can be conjugated in tenses like present and past, and is essential for clear communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Condizionale presente èssere |
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| io | sarei |
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| tu | saresti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sarebbe |
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| noi | saremmo |
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| voi | sareste |
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| loro | sarebbero |
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Tempo composto
Condizionale passato èssere |
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| io | sarei stato(a) |
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| tu | saresti stato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sarebbe stato(a) |
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| noi | saremmo stati(e) |
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| voi | sareste stati(e) |
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| loro | sarebbero stati(e) |
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Imperative mood (Imperativo) of the verb èssere
The imperative mood (Imperativo) is an essential verb mood in the Italian language, used to give commands, instructions, or advice. It is formed for the second person singular, second person plural, and first person plural.
For example, sentences like "Fai attenzione!" or "Parlate lentamente!" demonstrate how the imperative can be used to communicate directly and clearly. The phrase "Andiamo!" for expressing an invitation to do something together is also an example of the imperative.
However, it's important to note that the imperative does not have forms for the third person singular and plural. In these cases, the subjunctive mood is used to express desires or recommendations in a gentler manner. This characteristic makes Italian unique, as the subjunctive adds a touch of politeness and delicacy to conversations.
Knowing the imperative and its appropriate use is crucial for effective communication and maintaining a friendly tone in everyday interactions.
Imperativo èssere |
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| tu | sii |
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| noi | siamo |
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| voi | siate |
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Congiuntivo èssere |
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| Lei | sia |
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| Che lui/lei | sia |
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| Che loro | siano |
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