In the Italian language, there are four main verb moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each of these moods is used to express different intentions, actions, or states.
The indicative talks about facts, the subjunctive about doubts and desires, the conditional about hypothetical situations, and the imperative for commands and requests.
Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly in these moods allows you to easily express various thoughts and emotions in everyday conversation.
Ha riferito il fatto. (Dante Alighieri, Divina Commedia)
riferìre : to refer
ri|fe|rì|re
: (accento grave)
Indicative mood (Indicativo) of the verb riferìre
The indicative mood (Indicativo) is one of the fundamental verb moods in the Italian language, used to express actions, states, or events considered real or certain. It is employed to describe facts, daily routines, and objective situations.
For instance, sentences like "Io vado al mercato" or "Loro studiano per l'esame" illustrate the use of the indicative to convey concrete information.
This mood can be conjugated in various tenses, such as present, past, and future, allowing for precise placement of actions in time. Understanding the indicative is essential for effective communication and for grasping the nuances of the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Presente riferìre |
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| io | riferisco |
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| tu | riferisci |
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| lui/lei/Lei | riferisce |
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| noi | riferiamo |
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| voi | riferite |
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| loro | riferiscono |
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Tempo semplice
Imperfetto riferìre |
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| io | riferivo |
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| tu | riferivi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | riferiva |
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| noi | riferivamo |
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| voi | riferivate |
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| loro | riferivano |
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Tempo semplice
Futuro semplice riferìre |
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| io | riferirò |
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| tu | riferirai |
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| lui/lei/Lei | riferirà |
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| noi | riferiremo |
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| voi | riferirete |
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| loro | riferiranno |
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Tempo semplice
Passato remoto riferìre |
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| io | riferii |
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| tu | riferisti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | riferì |
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| noi | riferimmo |
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| voi | riferiste |
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| loro | riferirono |
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Tempo composto
Futuro anteriore riferìre |
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| io | avrò riferito |
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| tu | avrai riferito |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrà riferito |
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| noi | avremo riferito |
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| voi | avrete riferito |
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| loro | avranno riferito |
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Tempo composto
Passato prossimo riferìre |
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| io | ho riferito |
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| tu | hai riferito |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ha riferito |
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| noi | abbiamo riferito |
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| voi | avete riferito |
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| loro | hanno riferito |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato prossimo riferìre |
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| io | avevo riferito |
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| tu | avevi riferito |
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| lui/lei/Lei | aveva riferito |
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| noi | avevamo riferito |
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| voi | avevate riferito |
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| loro | avevano riferito |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato remoto riferìre |
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| io | ebbi riferito |
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| tu | avesti riferito |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ebbe riferito |
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| noi | avemmo riferito |
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| voi | aveste riferito |
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| loro | ebbero riferito |
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Subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) of the verb riferìre
The subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express uncertainty, wishes, emotions, and hypothetical situations. It is employed when discussing actions that are not certain or real, such as in cases of doubt or possibility.
For instance, sentences like "Spero che tu venga" or "Se avessi tempo, partirei" illustrate the use of the subjunctive to reflect states of mind or events that depend on conditions.
This mood can appear in various tenses, such as present and past, and is essential for nuanced communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo presente riferìre |
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| io | riferisca |
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| tu | riferisca |
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| lui/lei/Lei | riferisca |
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| noi | riferiamo |
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| voi | riferiate |
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| loro | riferiscano |
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo imperfetto riferìre |
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| io | riferissi |
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| tu | riferissi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | riferisse |
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| noi | riferissimo |
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| voi | riferiste |
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| loro | riferissero |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo passato riferìre |
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| io | abbia riferito |
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| tu | abbia riferito |
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| lui/lei/Lei | abbia riferito |
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| noi | abbiamo riferito |
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| voi | abbiate riferito |
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| loro | abbiano riferito |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo trapassato riferìre |
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| io | avessi riferito |
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| tu | avessi riferito |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avesse riferito |
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| noi | avessimo riferito |
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| voi | aveste riferito |
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| loro | avessero riferito |
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Conditional mood (Condizionale) of the verb riferìre
The conditional mood (Condizionale) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express actions or states that depend on specific conditions. It is often employed to formulate wishes, requests, or hypothetical situations that are not certain.
For instance, sentences like "Vorrei un caffè" or "Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più" illustrate how the conditional is used to express situations dependent on certain circumstances.
This mood can be conjugated in tenses like present and past, and is essential for clear communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Condizionale presente riferìre |
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| io | riferirei |
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| tu | riferiresti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | riferirebbe |
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| noi | riferiremmo |
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| voi | riferireste |
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| loro | rifererebbero |
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Tempo composto
Condizionale passato riferìre |
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| io | avrei riferito |
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| tu | avresti riferito |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrebbe riferito |
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| noi | avremmo riferito |
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| voi | avreste riferito |
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| loro | avrebbero riferito |
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Imperative mood (Imperativo) of the verb riferìre
The imperative mood (Imperativo) is an essential verb mood in the Italian language, used to give commands, instructions, or advice. It is formed for the second person singular, second person plural, and first person plural.
For example, sentences like "Fai attenzione!" or "Parlate lentamente!" demonstrate how the imperative can be used to communicate directly and clearly. The phrase "Andiamo!" for expressing an invitation to do something together is also an example of the imperative.
However, it's important to note that the imperative does not have forms for the third person singular and plural. In these cases, the subjunctive mood is used to express desires or recommendations in a gentler manner. This characteristic makes Italian unique, as the subjunctive adds a touch of politeness and delicacy to conversations.
Knowing the imperative and its appropriate use is crucial for effective communication and maintaining a friendly tone in everyday interactions.
Imperativo riferìre |
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| tu | riferi |
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| noi | riferiamo |
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| voi | riferite |
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Congiuntivo riferìre |
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| Lei | riferisca |
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| Che lui/lei | riferisca |
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| Che loro | riferiscano |
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