In the Italian language, there are four main verb moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each of these moods is used to express different intentions, actions, or states.
The indicative talks about facts, the subjunctive about doubts and desires, the conditional about hypothetical situations, and the imperative for commands and requests.
Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly in these moods allows you to easily express various thoughts and emotions in everyday conversation.
Hanno sperato in un futuro migliore. (Giovanni Verga, I Malavoglia)
speràre : to hope
spe|rà|re
: (accento grave)
Indicative mood (Indicativo) of the verb speràre
The indicative mood (Indicativo) is one of the fundamental verb moods in the Italian language, used to express actions, states, or events considered real or certain. It is employed to describe facts, daily routines, and objective situations.
For instance, sentences like "Io vado al mercato" or "Loro studiano per l'esame" illustrate the use of the indicative to convey concrete information.
This mood can be conjugated in various tenses, such as present, past, and future, allowing for precise placement of actions in time. Understanding the indicative is essential for effective communication and for grasping the nuances of the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Presente speràre |
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| io | spero |
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| tu | speri |
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| lui/lei/Lei | spera |
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| noi | speriamo |
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| voi | sperate |
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| loro | sperano |
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Tempo semplice
Imperfetto speràre |
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| io | speravo |
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| tu | speravi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sperava |
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| noi | speravamo |
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| voi | speravate |
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| loro | speravano |
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Tempo semplice
Futuro semplice speràre |
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| io | spererò |
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| tu | spererai |
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| lui/lei/Lei | spererà |
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| noi | spereremo |
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| voi | spererete |
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| loro | spereranno |
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Tempo semplice
Passato remoto speràre |
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| io | sperai |
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| tu | sperasti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sperò |
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| noi | sperammo |
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| voi | speraste |
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| loro | sperarono |
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Tempo composto
Futuro anteriore speràre |
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| io | avrò sperato |
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| tu | avrai sperato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrà sperato |
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| noi | avremo sperato |
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| voi | avrete sperato |
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| loro | avranno sperato |
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Tempo composto
Passato prossimo speràre |
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| io | ho sperato |
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| tu | hai sperato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ha sperato |
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| noi | abbiamo sperato |
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| voi | avete sperato |
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| loro | hanno sperato |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato prossimo speràre |
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| io | avevo sperato |
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| tu | avevi sperato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | aveva sperato |
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| noi | avevamo sperato |
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| voi | avevate sperato |
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| loro | avevano sperato |
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Tempo composto
Trapassato remoto speràre |
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| io | ebbi sperato |
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| tu | avesti sperato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | ebbe sperato |
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| noi | avemmo sperato |
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| voi | aveste sperato |
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| loro | ebbero sperato |
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Subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) of the verb speràre
The subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express uncertainty, wishes, emotions, and hypothetical situations. It is employed when discussing actions that are not certain or real, such as in cases of doubt or possibility.
For instance, sentences like "Spero che tu venga" or "Se avessi tempo, partirei" illustrate the use of the subjunctive to reflect states of mind or events that depend on conditions.
This mood can appear in various tenses, such as present and past, and is essential for nuanced communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo presente speràre |
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| io | speri |
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| tu | speri |
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| lui/lei/Lei | speri |
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| noi | speriamo |
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| voi | speriate |
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| loro | sperino |
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Tempo semplice
Congiuntivo imperfetto speràre |
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| io | sperassi |
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| tu | sperassi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | sperasse |
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| noi | sperassimo |
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| voi | speraste |
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| loro | sperassero |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo passato speràre |
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| io | abbia sperato |
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| tu | abbia sperato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | abbia sperato |
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| noi | abbiamo sperato |
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| voi | abbiate sperato |
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| loro | abbiano sperato |
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Tempo composto
Congiuntivo trapassato speràre |
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| io | avessi sperato |
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| tu | avessi sperato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avesse sperato |
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| noi | avessimo sperato |
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| voi | aveste sperato |
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| loro | avessero sperato |
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Conditional mood (Condizionale) of the verb speràre
The conditional mood (Condizionale) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express actions or states that depend on specific conditions. It is often employed to formulate wishes, requests, or hypothetical situations that are not certain.
For instance, sentences like "Vorrei un caffè" or "Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più" illustrate how the conditional is used to express situations dependent on certain circumstances.
This mood can be conjugated in tenses like present and past, and is essential for clear communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
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Tempo semplice
Condizionale presente speràre |
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| io | spererei |
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| tu | spereresti |
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| lui/lei/Lei | spererebbe |
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| noi | spereremmo |
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| voi | sperereste |
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| loro | spererebbero |
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Tempo composto
Condizionale passato speràre |
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| io | avrei sperato |
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| tu | avresti sperato |
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| lui/lei/Lei | avrebbe sperato |
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| noi | avremmo sperato |
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| voi | avreste sperato |
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| loro | avrebbero sperato |
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Imperative mood (Imperativo) of the verb speràre
The imperative mood (Imperativo) is an essential verb mood in the Italian language, used to give commands, instructions, or advice. It is formed for the second person singular, second person plural, and first person plural.
For example, sentences like "Fai attenzione!" or "Parlate lentamente!" demonstrate how the imperative can be used to communicate directly and clearly. The phrase "Andiamo!" for expressing an invitation to do something together is also an example of the imperative.
However, it's important to note that the imperative does not have forms for the third person singular and plural. In these cases, the subjunctive mood is used to express desires or recommendations in a gentler manner. This characteristic makes Italian unique, as the subjunctive adds a touch of politeness and delicacy to conversations.
Knowing the imperative and its appropriate use is crucial for effective communication and maintaining a friendly tone in everyday interactions.
Imperativo speràre |
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| tu | spera |
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| noi | speriamo |
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| voi | sperate |
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Congiuntivo speràre |
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| Lei | speri |
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| Che lui/lei | speri |
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| Che loro | sperino |
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